cmd: show test in journal vacuum

Makefile

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ PAGER ?= less -Ri
 READER != command -v mdless bat glow less more pg | head -1
 FZF != command -v fzf sk | head -1
 
+markdown = $(wildcard */*.md */*/*.md)
+
 ifeq "$(FZF)" ""
   $(info Install fzf)
 endif
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ default += .dbs/map.fmt
 
 include cmd.mk
 
-.dbs/head.rec: | .dbs/ $(lists)
+.dbs/head.rec: | .dbs/
 	printf '%s\n' '%rec: guide' > $@
 	printf '%s\n' '%key: path' >> $@
 	printf '%s\n' '%type: requires rec guide' >> $@
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ include cmd.mk
 	printf '%s\n' '%type: wordcount int' >> $@
 	printf '%s\n\n' '%sort: wordcount' >> $@
 
-.dbs/new.rec: $(wildcard */*.md */*/*.md) | .dbs/head.rec
+.dbs/new.rec: $(markdown) | .dbs/head.rec
 	$(info Updating: $?)
 	grep -q guide $@ 2>/dev/null || cp $| $@
 	@-$(foreach entry, $?, \

chat/send_email.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---
+title: Send an email with a CLI command
+tags: 
+- email
+requires:
+- data/pass.md
+---
+
+# Setup the Config
+
+Install `msmtp` and set up the defaults.
+
+```sh
+mkdir ~/.config/msmtp/
+cat > ~/.config/msmtp/config << EOF
+defaults
+tls on
+auth on
+
+EOF
+```
+
+You'll need to fill in some variables, like your provider's hostname and SMTP port.
+The `${pass_name}` is just the `pass` command which gives your email password.
+
+```sh
+name=posteo
+host=posteo.de
+port=587
+user=bob@posteo.net
+pass_name=posteo.net
+```
+
+With those in, add that default account.
+
+
+```sh
+cat >> ~/.config/msmtp/config << EOF
+
+account ${name}
+host ${host}
+port ${port}
+user ${user}
+from ${user}
+passwordeval pass ${pass_name}
+
+```
+
+Finally, set this as the default account:
+
+
+```sh
+account default : ${account} >> ~/.config/msmtp/config
+```
+
+# Write an Email
+
+Fill out the headers in a file called `mail`.
+
+```
+From: MSMTP ${user}
+Subject: Pipes
+To: ${recipient_name} <${recipient_email}>
+
+A pipe gives a wise man time to think and a fool something to stick in his
+mouth.
+```
+
+# Send
+
+Send the email:
+
+```sh
+msmtp -t bindrpg@posteo.uk < mail
+```
+

cmd.mk

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 cmds != recsel command.rec -t command -G bin -CP bin | sort -u
 lists = $(patsubst %,lists/%.md, $(cmds))
 
-default += $(lists)
-
 get_title = printf 'title: %s\n' '${1}'
 get_tags = recsel -t $(basename $<) $< -G bin \
 	-e 'bin = "$(1)"' -U -CP tag,bin | \
@@ -20,9 +18,6 @@ $(lists): lists/%.md: command.rec | lists/
 	@printf '%s\n' '---' >> $@
 	@$(call list_commands,$(basename $(notdir $@))) >> $@
 
-.PHONY: cmd
-cmd: $(lists) ## Big lists of commands
-
 .PHONY: function
 function: ## Output a search function for .bashrc
 	${MAKE} --silent --touch query

command.rec

@@ -10,27 +10,27 @@ shell: sh
 bin: column
 tag: format
 
-aim: Reformat file with an explicit separator (`-s`)
+aim: Reformat user accounts with an explicit separator (`-s`)
 cmd: column -ts: /etc/passwd
 shell: sh
 bin: column
 tag: format
 
-aim: Sort lines into columns with names
+aim: Sort user accounts into columns with names
 cmd: column -ts: -N User,PW,UID,GID,Description,Home,shell -H PW,GID /etc/passwd
 note: Hide some columns with `-H`.
 shell: sh
 bin: column
 tag: format
 
-aim: Sort lines into columns and reorder them
+aim: Sort user accounts into columns and reorder them
 cmd: column -ts: -N User,PW,UID,GID,Description,Home,shell -H PW,GID -O User,Description,shell /etc/passwd 
 note: Unspecified items remain.
 shell: sh
 bin: column
 tag: format
 
-aim: Output to json format with `-J`
+aim: Output user accounts in json format with `-J`
 cmd: column -J -ts: -H PW,GID,shell -N User,PW,UID,GID,Description,Home,shell /etc/passwd
 shell: sh
 bin: column
@@ -157,12 +157,37 @@ shell: sh
 bin: journalctl
 tag: system
 
+aim: Edit users in /etc/passwd directly
+cmd: sudo vipw
+note: You can't edit passwords with black magic.
+shell: sh
+bin: vipw
+bin: sudo
+tag: system
+tag: users
+
+aim: Edit groups in /etc/group directly
+cmd: sudo vigr
+note: You can't edit passwords with black magic.
+shell: sh
+bin: vipw
+bin: sudo
+tag: system
+tag: groups
+
 aim: Follow the `ssh` daemon service
 cmd: journalctl -f -u sshd
 shell: sh
 bin: journalctl
 tag: system
 
+aim: Get back terminal after ssh freezes remote machine
+cmd: <Return>~.
+shell: sh
+bin: ssh
+tag: system
+tag: comfy
+
 aim: Find errors since a date
 cmd: date=2027-01-01
 + journalctl --since=${date} --grep="EXT4-fs error"
@@ -170,18 +195,22 @@ shell: sh
 bin: journalctl
 tag: system
 
-aim: Limit the journal's size to 2 gigabytes
+aim: Limit the systemd's journal size to 2 gigabytes
 cmd: journalctl --vacuum-size=2G
++ journalctl --disk-usage
 shell: sh
 bin: journalctl
 tag: system
+tag: logs
 
 aim: Log the fact that you've installed your own `dnsmasq` on your system to `journalctl`, so that you can determine why your system's broken later
 cmd: logger "Installed new dnsmasq"
 + sudo journalctl -f
 shell: sh
 bin: journalctl
+bin: logger
 tag: system
+tag: logs
 
 aim: Convert markdown table to csv
 cmd: mlr --imarkdown --ocsv cat ${file}.md
@@ -218,8 +247,8 @@ cmd: grep -o "\b${word}\b" ${file}
 bin: grep
 tag: search
 
-aim: Reformat variable for shell input
+aim: Reformat text for shell input
-cmd: printf "%q\n" "${variable}"
+cmd: printf "%q\n" "${text}"
 bin: printf
 tag: xargs
 tag: stdout
@@ -429,6 +458,13 @@ cmd: urldecode() { echo -e "${@//%/\\x}"; }
 tag: web
 shell: bash
 
+aim: Choose which parts to commit with git
+cmd: git commit -p
+note: Use `P` to see big changes which cannot fit on the screen.
+tag: comfy
+bin: git
+shell: sh
+
 aim: Request a definition from the terminal.
 cmd: word='abderian'
 + curl -s dict://dict.org/define:${word}:

data/gpg/vim_decryption.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: Edit gpg encrypted files easily
+title: Edit gpg encrypted files with vim
 tags: 
 - vim
 - data

data/pdf-to-txt.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
-title: pdf to txt
+title: Convert a scanned pdf to text
 tags: 
 - data
 - pdf

data/recfiles/extended.md

@@ -16,23 +16,23 @@ Make a database for your boardgames, specifying only one field and value:
 database=games.rec
 n=Name
 g=Vojvodina
-touch $database
+touch ${database}
-recins -f $n --value $g $database
+recins -f ${n} --value ${g} ${database}
-recsel $database
+recsel ${database}
 ```
 
 Insert a few more, with the estimated playtime:
 
 ```sh
-recins -f Name -v Saboter -f Playtime -v 30 $database
+recins -f Name -v Saboter -f Playtime -v 30 ${database}
-recins -f Name -v Chess -f Playtime -v 30 $database
+recins -f Name -v Chess -f Playtime -v 30 ${database}
 ```
 
 View all games, or select one by number:
 
 ```sh
-recsel $database
+recsel ${database}
-recsel -n 0 $database
+recsel -n 0 ${database}
 ```
 
 Each game should note whether or not you have played it yet, so you can add that field and set the default to `yes`.
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ Each game should note whether or not you have played it yet, so you can add that
 ```sh
 f=played
 v=yes
-recset -f $f -a $v $database
+recset -f ${f} -a ${v} ${database}
 ```
 
 ...but the field is wrong, it should have a capital letter:
 
 ```sh
 new_field=Played
-recset -f $f --rename $new_field
+recset -f ${f} --rename ${new_field}
 ```
 
 ## Read
@@ -55,20 +55,20 @@ recset -f $f --rename $new_field
 Check how many records the database has:
 
 ```sh
-recinf $database
+recinf ${database}
 ```
 
 Look at just the games you've never played:
 
 ```sh
-recsel --expression="Played = 'no'" $database
+recsel --expression="Played = 'no'" ${database}
 ```
 
 Print how many, then just print the names:
 
 ```sh
-recsel -e "Played = 'no'" --count $database
+recsel -e "Played = 'no'" --count ${database}
-recsel -e "Played = 'no'" --print=Name $database
+recsel -e "Played = 'no'" --print=Name ${database}
 ```
 
 ## Update
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ To change a game's `Played` field from `no` to `yes`, use `recset` to specify th
 num=0
 f=Played
 value=yes
-recsel --number=$num $database
+recsel --number=${num} ${database}
-recset --number=$num -f $f --set=$value $database
+recset --number=${num} -f ${f} --set=${value} ${database}
 ```
 
 Find all games with a playtime of `30`, and set the field `Max_Players` to `4`.
@@ -102,22 +102,22 @@ Remove `Played` record from first game:
 
 ```sh
 num=0
-recset --number=$num -f Played --delete $database
+recset --number=${num} -f Played --delete ${database}
 ```
 
 You can comment the line instead of deleting it:
 
 ```sh
 num=1
-recset --number=$num -f Played --delete $database
+recset --number=${num} -f Played --delete ${database}
-recsel $database
+recsel ${database}
-cat $database
+cat ${database}
 ```
 
 Delete an entire record:
 
 ```sh
 num=2
-recdel --number=$num $database
+recdel --number=${num} ${database}
 ```
 

data/sc-im.md

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ requires:
 - writing/vim.md
 ---
 
-- [Sample file](sc-im/sample.sc)
-
 # Basic Commands
 
 ## See Cells

distros/arch/gpu.md

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 ---
-title: Ach Linux GPU Setup
+title: Arch Linux GPU Setup
 tags: 
 - arch
 - GPU
+requires:
+- distros/arch/install_yay.md
 ---
 # Step 1: Multilib
 

distros/void/void_basics.md

@@ -54,9 +54,8 @@ brightnessctl s 10%-
 brightnessctl s 10%+
 ```
 
-# Other Tricks
+# Related
 
-- [autologin](autologin.md)
+- [autologin](distros/void/autologin.md)
-- [services](sv.md)
+- [services](distros/void/sv.md)
-- [wifi](networking/wpa_supplicant.md)
 

example.rec

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ content: # This data file was generated by the Spreadsheet Calculator Improvised
 
 filename: lowdown.mk
 bin: make
-usage: {{bin}} -f {{filename}}
+usage: {{bin}} -f {{filename}} example
 content: output: all
 + 
 + .PHONY: example
@@ -120,3 +120,36 @@ content: output: all
 + 
 + clean :
 + 	rm -rf public html
+
+filename: Makefile
+bin: make
+usage: make
+content: ### Variables
++ 
++ PAGER ?= $(shell command -v mdless bat less | head -1 )
++ EDITOR ?= vi
++ 
++ requirements += lowdown
++ 
++ ### Dependencies
++ 
++ out: help
++ 
++ ### Patterns
++ 
++ 
++ ### Phonies
++ 
++ .PHONY: help
++ help:
++ 	@awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*?## "} /^[0-9a-zA-Z._-]+:.*?## / {printf "\033[36m%s\033[0m : %s\n", $$1, $$2}' $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | \
++ 		sort | \
++ 		column -s ':' -t
++ 
++ .PHONY: check
++ check: ## Check you have the required dependencies
++ 	@$(foreach dep, $(requirements), type $(dep) >/dev/null || echo "Install $(dep)." ; )
++ 
++ .PHONY: clean
++ clean: ## Remove generated files.
++ 	$(RM) $(defaults)

networking/dns_records.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ tags:
 | CNAME       | Alternative Address | "$domain".rs, "$subdomain.$domain".com |
 | NS          | Nameserver          | ns1.fastname.com                       |
 | MX          | Email server        | "$domain".com                          |
-| TXT         | Literally anything,including ownership of a domain | -       |
+| TXT         | Literally anything  | "drunk giraffes can't spell"           |
 
 Query a host's IP and email handlers with the `host` command.
 

networking/stop_email.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+---
+title: Stop email impersonating your domain
+tags: 
+- networking
+requires:
+- networking/dns_records.md
+---
+
+There is nothing to stop scammers from sending email claiming to be coming from your domain.
+And the older it gets, the more valuable it is for spoofing.
+
+Just add these two TXT records to the DNS for your domain:
+
+
+Name   | Type | Value
+:------|:----:|:-----
+@      | TXT  | v=spf1 -all
+_dmarc | TXT  | v=DMARC1; p=reject;
+
+The first says there is not a single SMTP server on earth authorized to send email on behalf of your domain.
+The second says that any email that says otherwise should be trashed.
+

shell/bash_tips.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: Bash tips
+tags: 
+- shell
+- comfy
+- bash
+---
+
+# This & That
+
+Refer to 'that last thing', and 'the first thing':
+
+```sh
+fortune -l > file1
+cat !$  | tr -d u > file2
+cat file1 !$
+diff !^ !$
+```
+
+**NB:** this can go wrong:
+
+```sh
+ls -l file1 file2
+cat !^
+```
+
+**NB:** this only works when running `bash` interactively, never in scripts.
+
+# Lists
+
+You can put a list inside any `bash` argument, and `bash` will expand that part into a new argument.
+
+```bash
+echo file {one,two,three}.txt
+echo file-{one,two,three}.txt
+touch !$
+```
+
+Look at text files:
+
+```bash
+ls *.{txt,md}
+```
+
+Look at size of jpg or png files in the `img/` directory:
+
+
+```bash
+du img/*.{jpg,png}
+```
+
+# Automatic Lists
+
+```bash
+echo {a..d}
+echo Archive_{B..E}
+```
+
+Using multiple lists works fine.
+
+```bash
+mkdir first second third
+echo {first,second,third}/file_{1..3}.txt
+x={first,second,third}/file_{1..3}.txt
+echo $x
+echo {first,second,third}/file_{1..3}.txt
+x="$(!!)"
+echo $x
+for file in $x ; do fortune > $file ; done
+```

shell/less.md

@@ -46,5 +46,5 @@ Just press `!`, e.g. `!ls`.
 
 # Edit a File
 
-While reading a file, press `v` to edit it ('v' stands of `vi`).
+While reading a file, press `v` to edit it ('v' stands for `vi`).
 

shell/shell_tips.md

@@ -5,25 +5,6 @@ tags:
 - comfy
 ---
 
-# This & That
-
-Refer to 'that last thing', and 'the first thing':
-
-```sh
-fortune -l > file1
-cat !$  | tr -d u
-diff !^ !$
-```
-
-**NB:** this can go wrong:
-
-```sh
-ls -l file1 file2
-cat !^
-```
-
-**NB:** this only works when running `bash` interactively, never in scripts.
-
 # Done
 
 `<C-d>`

system/editors.md

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 ---
-title: $EDITOR
+title: Setting an EDITOR
 tags: 
 - system
+- defaults
 ---
-The System's default text editor can be defined within /etc/profile.  It's given the variable `EDITOR`.
 
-Add these lines to `/etc/profile.d/custom.sh`:
+Programs expect a default 'line EDITOR' and 'VISUAL editor' so they know how you want to edit text.
+
+Add these lines to automatically set the variables in `bash`:
 
 ```sh
-echo 'export EDITOR=vim' >> /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
+echo 'export EDITOR=vim' >> ~/.bashrc
-echo 'export VISUAL=$EDITOR' >> /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
+echo 'export VISUAL=$EDITOR' >> ~/.bashrc
 ```
 
-Then reload that profile with:
+Make the change system-wide by adding them to `/etc/profile.d/custom.sh` instead, which is loaded at startup.
+
+You can add a GUI editor as the `$VISUAL` editor:
 
 ```sh
-source /etc/profile
+VISUAL=gedit
 ```
 
-If you want to ensure `nano` never appears again:
+To use a true line editor, as `$EDITOR`, see [ed][writing/ed.md].
-
-```sh
-sudo ln -sf $(which vim) $(which nano)
-```

system/makefiles.md

@@ -180,6 +180,6 @@ In this case, the makefile can see that `backup` depends on the current backup f
 
 # The Rest
 
-- [File patterns](makefiles/patterns.md)
+- [File patterns](system/makefiles/patterns.md)
-- [Makefile graphs](makefiles/graph-easy.md)
+- [Makefile graphs](system/makefiles/graph-easy.md)
-- [In-build help](makefiles/help.md)
+- [In-build help](system/makefiles/help.md)

system/partitions.md

@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ Note the asterisk marking the boot partition.
 
 # IDs
 
-| ID | Meaning |
+| ID         | Meaning    |
-|----|:--------|
+|:----------:|:-----------|
-|83  |Linux    |
+| 83         |   Linux    |
-| 5  |Extended |
+| 5          |   Extended |
-| 82 |Swap     |
+| 82         |   Swap     |
 
 fdisk will not help with a GPT formatted drive.  For this, use gdisk, which is mostly the same.
 
@@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ mkreiserfs /dev/sdc2
 
 # File System Types
 
-| Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
+| Type           | Advantages                                    | Disadvantages                                                |
-|------|:-----------|:--------------|
+|----------------|:----------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------|
-|ext2  |            |No journaling means that the file offers no crash recovery.
+|  ext2          |                                               | No journaling means that the file offers no crash recovery.  |
-|ext3  | Journaling | 
+|  ext3          |  Journaling                                   |                                                              |
-|ext4  | Journaling and handles files of up to 16TB.| 
+|  ext4          |  Journaling and handles files of up to 16TB.  |                                                              |
-|reiserfs| Journalin and stable.|
+|  reiserfs      |  Journalin and stable.                        |                                                              |
-|btrfs |Reliable and stable| 
+|  btrfs         |  Reliable and stable                          |                                                              |
-|XFS   |Journaling, great for large files.| 
+|  XFS           |  Journaling, great for large files.           |                                                              |
-|VFAT  |Comptable with Windows, like FAT32| 
+|  VFAT          |  Comptable with Windows, like FAT32           |                                                              |
 
 # Parted
 

system/tmux.md

@@ -13,23 +13,23 @@ Input a command with C-b
 
 In addition to Windows, there are panes.
 
-|Commands | Key |
+|Commands          | Key  |
-| ---- | ---- |
+|------------------|------|
-| New Window | c |
+| New Window       | c    |
-| Previous Window | p |
+| Previous Window  | p    |
-| next window | n |
+| next window      | n    |
-| list windows | w |
+| list windows     | w    |
-| vertical split | % |
+| vertical split   | %    |
-| horizontal split | " |
+| horizontal split | "    |
-| name a command | : |
+| name a command   | :    |
-| kill pane | x |
+| kill pane        | x    |
-| kill session | d |
+| kill session     | d    |
 
 
-|Name Commands|
+### Name Commands
-| --------|
+
-| split-window |
+- split-window
-| rename-window |
+- rename-window
 
 # Sessions
 

vision/lowdown.md

@@ -12,14 +12,6 @@ Turn a markdown file into a pdf:
 lowdown -stms "$FILE".md | pdfroff -itk -mspdf > "$FILE".pdf
 ```
 
-*Example:* put [this Makefile](lowdown/example.txt) in a directory, rename it `Makefile`, then do:
-
-
-```sh
-make example
-make
-```
-
 To give the document a title, put that title in the metadata:
 
 ```sh

writing/ed.md

@@ -3,8 +3,13 @@ title: Ed: The Standard Editor
 tags: 
 - writing
 - guide
+- sed
+- vim
 ---
 
+Understanding `ed` will let you understand all that feels strange about the system.
+It set the standards for `sed` and `vi`.
+
 `ed` was designed for real terminals, i.e. a typewriter.
 You would type a command to the computer, and it would type out any errors.
 It would not waste paper, ink, and time by typing out `COMMAND RUN SUCCESSFULLY` after each command.
@@ -12,7 +17,6 @@ A silent machine meant a happy machine.
 
 To fully appreciate `ed`, you can slow down your terminal with the following command:
 
-
 ```sh
 ff=/tmp/bashpipe
 mkfifo $ff
@@ -24,7 +28,6 @@ Try running `dir` and `dir -F`!
 
 Okay, now onto `ed`...
 
-
 # Basic Usage
 
 Open a file:
@@ -67,11 +70,8 @@ Delete the current line:
 d
 ```
 
-
-
 Write the 'buffer' to disk:
 
-
 ```ed
 w
 ```
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ q
 
 Open that file:
 
-
 ```ed
 ed file.md
 ```

writing/vim.md

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ Keybind to exit this mode is `Ctrl+q`
 
 ## Extras
 
-- [Learning Vim](vim/vi.md)
+- [Learning Vim](writing/vim/vi.md)
-- [Navigation](vim/navigate.md)
+- [Navigation](writing/vim/navigate.md)
-- [Completion](vim/completion.md)
+- [Completion](writing/vim/completion.md)
-- [Window Splits](vim/windows.md)
+- [Window Splits](writing/vim/windows.md)
-- [Use vim bindings in bash](vim/vim_in_bash.md)
+- [Use vim bindings in bash](writing/vim/vim_in_bash.md)
+- [A game to learn  how to code in Vim](https://www.vim-hero.com/)

writing/vim/csv_to_md.md

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+---
+title: CSV to Markdown in Vim
+tags: 
+- writing
+- vim
+- csv
+- markdown
+requires:
+- writing/vim.md
+---
+
+Open a CSV table (I made this one with `:r!sed 's/:/,/g' /etc/passwd | head`).
+
+
+```csv
+root,x,0,0,,/root,/bin/bash
+bin,x,1,1,,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+daemon,x,2,2,,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+mail,x,8,12,,/var/spool/mail,/usr/bin/nologin
+ftp,x,14,11,,/srv/ftp,/usr/bin/nologin
+http,x,33,33,,/srv/http,/usr/bin/nologin
+nobody,x,65534,65534,Nobody,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+dbus,x,81,81,System Message Bus,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-coredump,x,981,981,systemd Core Dumper,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-network,x,980,980,systemd Network Management,/,/usr/bin/nologin
+```
+
+Highlight the table.
+
+- Go to the top, with 'root'.
+- Type `V9j`.
+- `:!column -ts, -o '|'`
+- Return!
+
+
+```csv
+root            |x|0    |0    |                          |/root          |/bin/bash
+bin             |x|1    |1    |                          |/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+daemon          |x|2    |2    |                          |/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+mail            |x|8    |12   |                          |/var/spool/mail|/usr/bin/nologin
+ftp             |x|14   |11   |                          |/srv/ftp       |/usr/bin/nologin
+http            |x|33   |33   |                          |/srv/http      |/usr/bin/nologin
+nobody          |x|65534|65534|Nobody                    |/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+dbus            |x|81   |81   |System Message Bus        |/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-coredump|x|981  |981  |systemd Core Dumper       |/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-network |x|980  |980  |systemd Network Management|/              |/usr/bin/nologin
+```
+
+The command displays as `:'<,'>!column -ts, -o '|'`.
+
+This looks better, but the spacing is bad because the output separate is `-o '|'`.
+You can put spaces around that pipe by making the separator a pipe (`-s'|'`)
+and making the output separator a pipe with spaces (`-o' | '`).
+
+```vim
+:'<,'>!column -ts'|' -o ' | '
+```
+
+
+```csv
+root             | x | 0     | 0     |                            | /root           | /bin/bash
+bin              | x | 1     | 1     |                            | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+daemon           | x | 2     | 2     |                            | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+mail             | x | 8     | 12    |                            | /var/spool/mail | /usr/bin/nologin
+ftp              | x | 14    | 11    |                            | /srv/ftp        | /usr/bin/nologin
+http             | x | 33    | 33    |                            | /srv/http       | /usr/bin/nologin
+nobody           | x | 65534 | 65534 | Nobody                     | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+dbus             | x | 81    | 81    | System Message Bus         | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-coredump | x | 981   | 981   | systemd Core Dumper        | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-network  | x | 980   | 980   | systemd Network Management | /               | /usr/bin/nologin
+```
+
+Make a header by copying the top line and replacing text (`yypkR`).
+
+That's nicer, but the formatting's wrong again.
+
+```markdown
+User             | Passwords | UID   | GID   | Description                | Home            | Shell    
+root             | x | 0     | 0     |                            | /root           | /bin/bash
+[...]
+```
+
+Time to fix it with `:'<,'>!column -ts'|' -o'|'`.
+
+
+```csv
+User              |  Passwords  |  UID    |  GID    |  Description                 |  Home             |  Shell    
+----------------- | ----------- | ------- | ------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------
+root              |  x          |  0      |  0      |                              |  /root            |  /bin/bash
+bin               |  x          |  1      |  1      |                              |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+daemon            |  x          |  2      |  2      |                              |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+mail              |  x          |  8      |  12     |                              |  /var/spool/mail  |  /usr/bin/nologin
+ftp               |  x          |  14     |  11     |                              |  /srv/ftp         |  /usr/bin/nologin
+http              |  x          |  33     |  33     |                              |  /srv/http        |  /usr/bin/nologin
+nobody            |  x          |  65534  |  65534  |  Nobody                      |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+dbus              |  x          |  81     |  81     |  System Message Bus          |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-coredump  |  x          |  981    |  981    |  systemd Core Dumper         |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+systemd-network   |  x          |  980    |  980    |  systemd Network Management  |  /                |  /usr/bin/nologin
+```
+
+Now we just need the spacer line.
+Copy the top line (`yyp`) and replace (`:s/not-pipe/-/g`).
+You can say 'not the pipe symbol' with `[^|]` or 'not-pipe-or-colon' with `[^:|]`.
+
+```vim
+:s/[^:|]/-/g
+```
+
+# Keyboard Shortcut
+
+Put this in your `~/.vimrc` to map 'Control + s' to reformat CSV while in visual mode.
+
+
+```vim
+vmap <C-s> :!column -ts, -o " \| "<Enter>yyp:s/[^\|:]/-/g<Enter>
+```

writing/vim/format_md.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+---
+title: Reformat a Markdown Table
+tags: 
+- writing
+- vim
+- markdown
+requires:
+- writing/vim.md
+---
+
+This markdown table is badly messed up:
+
+```markdown
+| File  | Category |
+|:------|:---------|
+| calendar.md           | tex|
+| tex_packages.md           | tex|
+| completion.md           | vim|
+| csv_to_md.md           | vim|
+| format_md.md           | vim|
+
+```
+
+Highight from the top with `V6j`, then run `column` to fix the output:
+
+```vim
+:!column -ts'|' -o '|'
+```
+
+It displays like this:
+
+```vim
+:'<,'>!column -ts'|' -o '|'
+```
+
+```markdown
+| File                      | Category |
+|:------                    |:---------|
+| calendar.md               | tex      |
+| tex_packages.md           | tex      |
+| completion.md             | vim      |
+| csv_to_md.md              | vim      |
+| format_md.md              | vim      |
+
+```
+
+
+That's better, but the header is broken.
+Fix is by replacing spaces with dashes.
+
+```vim
+:s/ /-/g
+```
+
+The lines have too much whitespace.
+You can fix this with the 'truncate' command, to squeeze repeating spaces or dashes.
+
+
+```vim
+tr -s ' -' |column -ts '|' -o '|'
+```
+
+```markdown
+| File            | Category |
+|:----------------|:---------|
+| calendar.md     | tex      |
+| tex_packages.md | tex      |
+| completion.md   | vim      |
+| csv_to_md.md    | vim      |
+| format_md.md    | vim      |
+
+```
+
+# Keyboard Shortcut
+
+Put this in your `~/.vimrc` to map 'Control + t' to reformat markdown tables in visual mode.
+
+
+```vim
+vmap <C-t> :!tr -s ' -' \|column -ts '\|' -o '\|'<Enter>j:s/ /-/g<Enter>k
+```
+